Through com­pa­ra­tive case stu­dies, the study maps for­mal plan­ning pro­ce­du­res and com­mu­nity-led initia­ti­ves. It eva­lua­tes inclu­sion bar­riers, gen­der dyna­mics, and power asym­me­tries, and for­mu­la­tes recom­men­da­ti­ons for con­text-sen­si­tive par­ti­ci­pa­tion stra­te­gies in Mus­lim-majo­rity societies.